Genetic Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease Modulate How Diet is Associated with Long-Term Cognitive Trajectories: A UK Biobank StudyBehind a paywall, you'll need to use Sci-hub to look at it.
The study used retrospective food consumption questionnaires. Which, of course, are known to have issues.
APOE4 status was considered. E.g.:
Predictors of fluid intelligence by APOE4 status.png
They claim to have accounted for social-economic stratification, but didn't provide any data stratified by that factor. (Wealth or income can influence both wine & cheese consumption and dementia outcomes.) Also, I wonder if wine & cheese are more often consumed in the company of others, which I expect would improve dementia outcomes.
Overall, I just can't get very excited over results based on food questionnaires. I wouldn't be surprised if modest wine and cheese consumption, particularly in the context of meals consumed socially, would not be harmful for APOE4+. I could believe that additional non-carbohydrate calories consumed by non-obese seniors might improve outcomes.
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