Review: APOE gene variants in primary dyslipidemia

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BrianR
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Review: APOE gene variants in primary dyslipidemia

Post by BrianR »

https://www.atherosclerosis-journal.com ... X/fulltext
Thomas Dayspring @Drlipid
In my > 3 decades in lipidology this is the best manuscript I have seen regarding how APOE isoforms affect lipoproteins and their lipid concentration surrogates)
Open access. For those who want to understand the details. Goes into APOE genetic variants beyond e2/e3/e4

Atherosclerosis. Review article| Volume 328, P11-22, July 01, 2021
APOE gene variants in primary dyslipidemia
Yara Abou Khalil, Jean-Pierre Rabès, Catherine Boileau, Mathilde Varret
Published:May 21, 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.05.007
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a major apolipoprotein involved in lipoprotein metabolism. It is a polymorphic protein and different isoforms are associated with variations in lipid and lipoprotein levels and thus cardiovascular risk. The isoform apoE4 is associated with an increase in LDL-cholesterol levels and thus a higher cardiovascular risk compared to apoE3. Whereas, apoE2 is associated with a mild decrease in LDL-cholesterol levels. In the presence of other risk factors, apoE2 homozygotes could develop type III hyperlipoproteinemia (familial dysbetalipoproteinemia or FD), an atherogenic disorder characterized by an accumulation of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Several rare APOE gene variants were reported in different types of dyslipidemias including FD, familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH), lipoprotein glomerulopathy and bona fide autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH). ADH is characterized by elevated LDL-cholesterol levels leading to coronary heart disease, and due to molecular alterations in three main genes: LDLR, APOB and PCSK9. The identification of the APOE-p.Leu167del variant as the causative molecular element in two different ADH families, paved the way to considering APOE as a candidate gene for ADH. Due to non mendelian interacting factors, common genetic and environmental factors and perhaps epigenetics, clinical presentation of lipid disorders associated with APOE variants often strongly overlap. More studies are needed to determine the spectrum of APOE implication in each of the diseases, notably ADH, in order to improve clinical and genetic diagnosis, prognosis and patient management. The purpose of this review is to comment on these APOE variants and on the molecular and clinical overlaps between dyslipidemias.
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marty
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Re: Review: APOE gene variants in primary dyslipidemia

Post by marty »

That's a very thorough review. Like a lot of lipidology, you have to pay attention or get lost quickly.
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