Difference between revisions of "Abbreviations and acronyms"
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dbSNP -- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database | dbSNP -- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database | ||
DE -- Diet Evolution (first book written by Dr Steven Gundry) | |||
DHA -- docosahexaenoic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid in fish oil that is a primary structural component of the human brain, cerebral cortex, skin, and retina) | DHA -- docosahexaenoic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid in fish oil that is a primary structural component of the human brain, cerebral cortex, skin, and retina) | ||
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DP -- Diastolic Pressure (Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum during one heart beat) over diastolic pressure (minimum in between two heart beats) | DP -- Diastolic Pressure (Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum during one heart beat) over diastolic pressure (minimum in between two heart beats) | ||
DTC -- Direct-to-Consumer | |||
dx -- shorthand for diagnosis | dx -- shorthand for diagnosis | ||
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EDS -- Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (inherited disorders that affect connective tissues — primarily skin, joints and blood vessel walls) | EDS -- Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (inherited disorders that affect connective tissues — primarily skin, joints and blood vessel walls) | ||
EDS/POTS -- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome | |||
EEG -- Electroencephalogram (test that detects electrical activity in your brain) | EEG -- Electroencephalogram (test that detects electrical activity in your brain) | ||
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EKG (also ECG) -- Electrocardiogram | EKG (also ECG) -- Electrocardiogram | ||
ELISA -- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (test that detects and measures antibodies in blood to dertermine certain infectious conditions) | |||
ENT -- Ear, Nose, and Throat | |||
EOAD -- early onset Alzheimer’s disease. | EOAD -- early onset Alzheimer’s disease. | ||
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ERMI -- Environmental Relative Moldiness Index | ERMI -- Environmental Relative Moldiness Index | ||
EU -- European Union | |||
EVCO -- Extra Virgin Coconut Oil | EVCO -- Extra Virgin Coconut Oil | ||
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FDA -- Food and Drug Administration | FDA -- Food and Drug Administration | ||
FDG-PET -- Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) (imaging scan) | |||
FM -- Fibromyalgia | FM -- Fibromyalgia | ||
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FODMAPs -- Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides Polyols ( a collection of short chain carbohydrates and sugar alcohols found in foods naturally or as food additives) | FODMAPs -- Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides Polyols ( a collection of short chain carbohydrates and sugar alcohols found in foods naturally or as food additives) | ||
FOS -- Fructooligosaccharides (an alternative sweetener) | |||
Free T3 -- Free Triiodothyronine (a blood test ordered primarily to help diagnose hyperthyroidism) | Free T3 -- Free Triiodothyronine (a blood test ordered primarily to help diagnose hyperthyroidism) | ||
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FTD -- Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia (Dementia characterized by progressive neuronal loss predominantly involving the frontal and/or temporal lobes. Second most common dementia after Alzheimer’s. Typically manifests between the ages of 55 and 65, men and women equally.) | FTD -- Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia (Dementia characterized by progressive neuronal loss predominantly involving the frontal and/or temporal lobes. Second most common dementia after Alzheimer’s. Typically manifests between the ages of 55 and 65, men and women equally.) | ||
FTDNA -- Family Tree DNA (commercial genetic testing company www.familytreedna.com) | |||
FWIW -- For What It's Worth | FWIW -- For What It's Worth | ||
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g -- Gram | g -- Gram | ||
GC -- Glucocorticoid (a class of steroid hormones present in almost every vertebrate animal cell) | |||
GERD -- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | |||
GF -- Gluten Free | GF -- Gluten Free | ||
GHR -- Genetic Health Risk | |||
GI -- Gastrointestinal | GI -- Gastrointestinal | ||
GI -- Glycemic Index | GI -- Glycemic Index | ||
GLA -- Gamma-Linolenic Acid ( fatty acid found primarily in vegetable oils) | |||
GP -- General Practitioner | GP -- General Practitioner | ||
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HBOT -- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | HBOT -- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | ||
HCV -- Hepatitis C Virus | |||
HCY -- shorthand for Homocysteine | HCY -- shorthand for Homocysteine | ||
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HERTSMI -- (a test for mold) | HERTSMI -- (a test for mold) | ||
HERX -- shorthand for Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (seen in many diseases, believed to occur when injured or dead bacteria release their endotoxins into the blood and tissues faster than the body can comfortably handle it.) | |||
HFD -- High Fat Diet | HFD -- High Fat Diet | ||
HFLC -- high-fat, low-carb. | HFLC -- high-fat, low-carb. | ||
HHV-6 -- Human Herpesvirus 6 | |||
HIIT also HIT -- High-Intensity Interval Training (type of aerobic exercise) | HIIT also HIT -- High-Intensity Interval Training (type of aerobic exercise) | ||
HLA -- Human Leukocyte Antigen | |||
HLA DQ -- (cell surface receptor protein. May become involved in autoimmune disease. Two autoimmune diseases in which HLA-DQ is involved are coeliac disease and diabetes mellitus type 1) | |||
HLA DR -- Human Leukocyte Antigen - antigen D Related (an MHC class II cell surface receptor encoded by the human leukocyte antigen complex. HLA-DR is also involved in several autoimmune conditions, disease susceptibility and disease resistance.) | |||
HLI -- Human Longevity, Inc. | |||
HMO -- Health Maintenance Organization | HMO -- Health Maintenance Organization | ||
HOMA -- Homeostatic Model Assessment | |||
HOMA-IR -- Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-cell function: fasting glucose times fasting insulin divided by 405. (FG x FI/405) Desired range: 1.0 or lower. Average in US is 1.75, too high. Over 2.5 is insulin resistance. Distinct linear association between HOMA-IR and chronic disease, including Alzheimer's and cardiovascular disease) | HOMA-IR -- Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-cell function: fasting glucose times fasting insulin divided by 405. (FG x FI/405) Desired range: 1.0 or lower. Average in US is 1.75, too high. Over 2.5 is insulin resistance. Distinct linear association between HOMA-IR and chronic disease, including Alzheimer's and cardiovascular disease) | ||
HPA -- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal | |||
HRT -- Hormone Replacement Therapy | HRT -- Hormone Replacement Therapy |
Revision as of 08:38, 22 July 2017
Abbreviations and Acronyms
NOTE: To quickly SEARCH for a particular acronym on this list, press the "ctrl" key with the "F" key, this will produce a search box.
These are just some of the acronyms, abbreviations and terms that look like an acronym that have been used within the ApoE4.info forums.
Criteria for list
- Acronym
- Abbreviation
- Word/term that looks like an acronym/abbreviation
1 2 3
23andMe -- shorthand for www.23andme.com (a DNA testing website)
2-OH-E1 -- High 2-hydroxyestrone
5-HTP -- 5-hydroxytryptophan (a naturally occurring amino acid and chemical precursor as well as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin from tryptophan)
5-LO -- Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, also known as ALOX5, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, or 5-LO
5-MTHF -- L-Methylfolate (supplement)
A
A/G -- Albumin/Globulin ratio (Blood test. A/G ratio is calculated from measured total protein, measured albumin, and calculated globulin (total protein - albumin))
A1c -- shorthand for HbA1C - Hemoglobin A1c
A1 (as in cow or milk) -- (type of beta-casein protein, A1 is the "bad" protein but the most common source for milk and dairy products as A1 cows are better producers so they slowly replaced the original breeds in many parts of the world)
A2 (as in milk or cow) -- (type of beta-casein protein, A2 is the "good" protein from Guernsey, Swiss, French & Italian cows, vs the A1 mutation)
A/G ratio -- Albumin/Globulin ratio (Blood test. A/G ratio is calculated from measured total protein, measured albumin, and calculated globulin (total protein - albumin))
Abeta, also Aβ -- Amyloid Beta (the plaque that accumulates in Alzheimer's)
ACE -- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (a Protein Coding gene)
ACEs (study) -- Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (largest public health study, demonstrated an association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with health and social problems as an adult. )
AD -- Alzheimer’s disease
ADC -- Alzheimer's Disease Centers
ADC NIA -- Alzheimer's Disease Centers, National Institute on Aging
ADDF -- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation (Mission: Accelerate the discovery of drugs to prevent, treat, and cure Alzheimer's)
ADGC -- Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium
ADH -- Antidiuretic Hormone
Afib -- shorthand for Atrial Fibrillation (a quivering or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications)
AHS -- Ancestral Health Symposium or Society
AHS16 -- Ancestral Health Symposium 2016 (site of 2016 ApoE4.info meet-up)
AI -- Autoimmune
ALA -- alpha lipoic acid.
ALA -- Alpha-Linolenic Acid or α-Linolenic acid (an Omega−3 fatty acid. It is one of two essential fatty acids (the other being linoleic acid))
ALCAR -- Acetyl-L-carnitine (Broken down in the blood by plasma esterases to carnitine which is used by the body to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria for breakdown)
ALS -- Amyotrophic Laterals Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord)
ALT -- Alanine Aminotransferase (blood test typically used to detect liver injury)
ALZ -- shorthand for Alzheimer’s
AMA -- American Medical Association
AMPK -- 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (an enzyme that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis)
AmR -- Amylin Receptor
ANA -- AntiNuclear Antibody (test which looks for autoimmune diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis)
anti-CCP -- Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (antibody blood test for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and for predicting risk for joint damage)
ApoB/ApoA-1 (ratio) -- polipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I ratio (represents the balance of proatherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoproteins)
ApoA-1 -- Apolipoprotein A-I ("good cholesterol")
ApoB -- Apolipoprotein B ("bad cholesterol")
APOE -- This isn't an abbreviation, it's the actually name of the gene that codes for the protein apolipoprotein E (though the name derives from an abbreviation of the protein). It is written using all caps, and is italicized.
APOE-ε2 -- The ε2 (epsilon-2) variant of the APOE gene, which makes apolipoprotein E2.
APOE-ε3 -- The ε3 (epsilon-3) variant of the APOE gene, which makes apolipoprotein E3.
APOE-ε4 -- The ε4 (epsilon-4) variant of the APOE gene, which makes apolipoprotein E4.
apoE -- apolipoprotein E.
apoE2 -- apolipoprotein E2.
apoE3 -- apolipoprotein E3.
apoE4 -- apolipoprotein E4.
APP -- Aβ (amyloid beta) Precursor Protein
ASAP -- As Soon as Possible
ATM -- At the Moment
ATP -- Adenosine Triphosphate (transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism)
Aβ -- Amyloid Beta (the plaque that accumulates in Alzheimer's)
B
BBB -- Blood Brain Barrier (Highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS). The blood–brain barrier allows the passage of water, some gases, and lipid-soluble molecules by passive diffusion, as well as the selective transport of molecules such as glucose and amino acids that are crucial to neural function. Furthermore, it prevents the entry of lipophilic potential neurotoxins by way of an active transport mechanism mediated by P-glycoprotein)
BCAA -- Branched Chain Amino Acids (three amino acids with similar structures that beneficially influence the muscles)
BDNF -- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF acts on certain neurons of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, helping to support the survival of existing neurons, and encourage the growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses. In the brain, it is active in areas vital to learning, memory, and higher thinking.)
BEG (nasal spray) -- Bactroban (Mupirocin) 0.2%, Edetate Disodium (EDTA) 1%, Gentamicin 0.5% (Nasal spray for MARCoNS (Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Coagulase Negative Stapylococci))
BG -- Blood Glucose
BHB -- Beta Hydroxy Butyrate
BHRT or bHRT -- Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy
BMI -- Body Mass Index
BMR -- Basal Metabolic Rate (The amount of energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, in the post-absorptive state (meaning that the digestive system is inactive, which requires about twelve hours of fasting)
BOD -- Board of Directors
BP -- Blood Pressure
BPA -- Bisphenol A (chemical product that was used to make certain plastics and resins since the 1960s. Research indicated it can seep into food or beverages from containers resulting in health concerns)
BRCA -- (genes that are tumor suppressors. BRCA mutation is a mutation in either of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations have a higher risk of breast and ovarian cancer)
BTW -- By The Way
C
CAC -- Coronary Artery Calcium (Calcium Score)
CAD -- coronary artery disease.
Cal -- shorthand for Calories
CBD -- Cannabidiol (one of the cannabinoids identified in cannabis. Does not appear to have any intoxicating effects)
CCA-IMT -- Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness
CDC -- Centers For Disease Control
CF -- Chronic Fatigue
CFS -- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (also known as CFIDS, chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome)
CGM -- Continuous Glucose Monitoring
CIMT -- Carotid Intima Media Thickness (imaging test to detect plaques in the carotid (neck) arteries)
CIRS -- Chronic Inflammation Response Syndrome (An acute and chronic, systemic inflammatory response syndrome acquired following exposure to the interior environment of a water-damaged building with resident toxigenic organisms, including, but not limited to fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes and mycobacteria as well as inflammagens such as endotoxins, beta glucans, hemolysins, proteinases, mannans and possibly spirocyclic drimanes; as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). You can also get CIRS from a brown recluse spider bite; from fish that have been contaminated with ciguetera; and from Borrelia burgdorferi, the bug that causes Lyme Disease.)
CNS -- Central Nervous System
CO -- Coconut Oil
CoA -- Coenzyme A, a coenzyme used in processing fatty acids and citric acid
CONa -- (lectin in legumes)
CoQ10 -- Coenzyme Q 10 (A supplement, helps convert food into energy)
CPAP -- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (a machine to help a person who has obstructive sleep apnea breathe more easily during sleep)
CPT -- Current Procedural Terminology (the code set used to bill outpatient and office procedures)
CR -- calorie restriction. A reduction in the energy content of a diet without a concomitant reduction in (other) essential nutrients. Term often used to mean a diet practiced with the intention of slowing the aging process per se.
CRISPR -- Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (a genome editing tool)
CRP -- C-reactive protein (a blood test marker for inflammation in the body)
CT -- Computed Tomography (scan)
CSF -- Cerebrospinal Fluid
CV -- Cardiovascular (relating to the circulatory system, the heart and blood vessels)
CVA -- Cerebrovascular accident (The sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain)
CVD -- cerebral vascular disease.
D
DASH -- Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
DBC -- Dynamic Brain Conference
dbSNP -- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database
DE -- Diet Evolution (first book written by Dr Steven Gundry)
DHA -- docosahexaenoic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid in fish oil that is a primary structural component of the human brain, cerebral cortex, skin, and retina)
DHA/EPA -- Docosahexaenoic Acid /Eicosapentaenoic Acid (the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil)
DHEA -- Dehydroepiandrosterone (hormone in body and supplement used to improve sex drive, build muscle, fight the effects of aging, and improve some health conditions)
DNA -- Deoxyribonucleic acid
DP -- Diastolic Pressure (Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum during one heart beat) over diastolic pressure (minimum in between two heart beats)
DTC -- Direct-to-Consumer
dx -- shorthand for diagnosis
E
E4 -- shorthand for either the gene variant, APOE-ε4, or its product, apolipoprotein E4,
EBCT -- Electron Beam Computerized Tomography (scan for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD))
EBT -- Electron Beam (Ultrafast CT (scan) to determine Coronary Artery Calcification)
EBV -- Epstein-Barr Virus
ECG (also EKG) -- Electrocardiogram
EDS -- Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (inherited disorders that affect connective tissues — primarily skin, joints and blood vessel walls)
EDS/POTS -- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
EEG -- Electroencephalogram (test that detects electrical activity in your brain)
eFAD -- early onset Familial Alzheimer’s Disease (hereditary, marked by Alzheimer's disease symptoms which appear at an unusually early age. Symptoms can start in a person's thirties, forties, fifties and very rarely in the late twenties)
EKG (also ECG) -- Electrocardiogram
ELISA -- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (test that detects and measures antibodies in blood to dertermine certain infectious conditions)
ENT -- Ear, Nose, and Throat
EOAD -- early onset Alzheimer’s disease.
EPA -- eicosapentaenoic acid (an omega-3 component of fish oil).
ERMI -- Environmental Relative Moldiness Index
EU -- European Union
EVCO -- Extra Virgin Coconut Oil
EVOO -- Extra Virgin Olive Oil
EWG -- Environmental Working Group (non-profit, non-partisan organization assisting consumer choice. http://www.ewg.org/)
F
FA -- fatty acid.
FAD -- Familial Alzheimer’s disease.
FB -- Facebook (social network website)
FBG -- Facebook (social network website)
FBS -- Fasting Blood Sugar
FDA -- Food and Drug Administration
FDG-PET -- Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) (imaging scan)
FM -- Fibromyalgia
FMD -- Functional Medicine Doctor
FMD -- Fasting Mimicking Diet
FMP -- Functional Medicine Practicioner
fMRI -- Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging
FODMAPs -- Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides Polyols ( a collection of short chain carbohydrates and sugar alcohols found in foods naturally or as food additives)
FOS -- Fructooligosaccharides (an alternative sweetener)
Free T3 -- Free Triiodothyronine (a blood test ordered primarily to help diagnose hyperthyroidism)
Free T4 -- Free Thyroxine (thyroid function test)
FTD -- Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia (Dementia characterized by progressive neuronal loss predominantly involving the frontal and/or temporal lobes. Second most common dementia after Alzheimer’s. Typically manifests between the ages of 55 and 65, men and women equally.)
FTDNA -- Family Tree DNA (commercial genetic testing company www.familytreedna.com)
FWIW -- For What It's Worth
FYI -- For Your Information
G
g -- Gram
GC -- Glucocorticoid (a class of steroid hormones present in almost every vertebrate animal cell)
GERD -- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
GF -- Gluten Free
GHR -- Genetic Health Risk
GI -- Gastrointestinal
GI -- Glycemic Index
GLA -- Gamma-Linolenic Acid ( fatty acid found primarily in vegetable oils)
GP -- General Practitioner
GRAS -- Generally Recognized As Safe
GSE -- Grape Seed Extract
GWAS -- Genome-Wide Association Study
H
HbA1c -- Hemoglobin A1c (blood test for average level of blood sugar, glucose, over the past 2 to 3 months)
HBOT -- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
HCV -- Hepatitis C Virus
HCY -- shorthand for Homocysteine
HDL -- High-Density Lipoprotein (good cholesterol)
HDL (lab) -- Health Diagnostic Laboratory (now defunct)
HDL2b -- (HDL cholesterol can be divided based on density, size and protein composition. The HDL2 subfraction (HDL2a, HDL2b) consists of larger, more buoyant particles while particles in the HDL3 subfraction (HDL3a, HDL3b, HDL3c) are smaller and denser. The largest and most buoyant HDL particle is HDL2b. HDL2b is an indicator of how well excess lipids are removed from cells, it positively correlates with heart health)
HEPA -- High-Efficiency Particulate Air (type of air filter)
HERTSMI -- (a test for mold)
HERX -- shorthand for Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (seen in many diseases, believed to occur when injured or dead bacteria release their endotoxins into the blood and tissues faster than the body can comfortably handle it.)
HFD -- High Fat Diet
HFLC -- high-fat, low-carb.
HHV-6 -- Human Herpesvirus 6
HIIT also HIT -- High-Intensity Interval Training (type of aerobic exercise)
HLA -- Human Leukocyte Antigen
HLA DQ -- (cell surface receptor protein. May become involved in autoimmune disease. Two autoimmune diseases in which HLA-DQ is involved are coeliac disease and diabetes mellitus type 1)
HLA DR -- Human Leukocyte Antigen - antigen D Related (an MHC class II cell surface receptor encoded by the human leukocyte antigen complex. HLA-DR is also involved in several autoimmune conditions, disease susceptibility and disease resistance.)
HLI -- Human Longevity, Inc.
HMO -- Health Maintenance Organization
HOMA -- Homeostatic Model Assessment
HOMA-IR -- Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-cell function: fasting glucose times fasting insulin divided by 405. (FG x FI/405) Desired range: 1.0 or lower. Average in US is 1.75, too high. Over 2.5 is insulin resistance. Distinct linear association between HOMA-IR and chronic disease, including Alzheimer's and cardiovascular disease)
HPA -- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal
HRT -- Hormone Replacement Therapy
hs-CRP -- High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein that the liver makes when there is inflammation in the body. This marker of inflammation can be measured with a hs-CRP test)
HSF -- High-Saturated Fat
HSV-1 -- Herpes Simplex Virus 1
Hx -- shorthand for history
I
IAD -- Inhalational Alzheimers
IBS -- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
IBS-D/C -- Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Diarrhea/Constipation
IDE -- Insulin-Degrading Enzyme
IF -- intermittent fasting.
IFM -- Institute for Functional Medicine
IgE -- Immunoglobulin E
IGF-1 -- Insulin Like Growth Factor -1 (IGF-1 is a primary mediator of the effects of growth hormone (GH). Signaling through the insulin/IGF-1-like receptor pathway is a significant contributor to biological aging in many organisms.)
IL-17a -- Interleukin-17A (most notable role of IL-17 is its involvement in inducing and mediating proinflammatory responses. IL-17 is commonly associated with allergic responses)
IL-6 -- Interleukin 6 (an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. IL-6 seems to play a major role in the process of acute or chronic stress (i.e. depression, anxiety) suppressing the immune system. IL-6 stimulates the inflammatory and auto-immune processes in many diseases and has been shown to lead to several neurological diseases through its impact on epigenetic modification within the brain. IL-6 also has extensive anti-inflammatory functions in its role as a myokine when elevated through exercise.
IMHO -- In my humble opinion
IMO -- In My Opinion
IR -- Insulin Resistance or Insulin Resistant
IRB -- Institutional Review Board
IT -- Inflammation Testing
J
Jelly - shorthand for jealous
K
KB -- Ketone Bodies
KD -- Ketogenic Diet
Keto -- shorthand for ketogenic, ketosis
L
LC -- Low Carbohydrate
LCFA -- long-chain fatty acid.
LCHF, also LC/HF -- Low Carbohydrate, High Fat
LCHHF -- Low Carb High, Healthy Fat
LDL-c -- Low-density lipoprotein -cholesterol (the amount of cholesterol which is estimated to be contained with LDL particles)
LDL-p -- Low-density lipoprotein particles
LDL-R -- Low-density lipoprotein receptor
LFHC -- low fat high carb.
LOAD -- late onset Alzheimer’s disease.
LOL -- Laughing Out Loud
Lp(a) -- Lipoprotein(a) (a small, dense, highly inflammatory lipoprotein, a risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases)
Lp-PLA2 -- Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 (enzyme that appears to play a role in the inflammation of blood vessels, Lp-PLA2 test helps evaluate risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD))
LPS -- Lipopolysaccharides (an endotoxin)
M
MARCoNS -- Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci
MCAS -- Mast cell activation syndrome
MCI -- mild cognitive impairment.
MCFA -- medium-chain fatty acid.
MCT -- medium-chain triglyceride.
MD -- Medical Doctor
MEND -- Metabolic Enhancement for NeuroDegenerative Disease
MetS -- metabolic syndrome.
MI -- Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)
MIND -- (a diet which is a hybrid of the Mediterranean and DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets)
MOA -- Mode of Action
MPI Cognition -- (organization based on Dr Bredesen's research/protocol to prevent and reverse cognitive decline. www.mpicognition.com)
MPO -- Myeloperoxidase (a peroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPO gene on chromosome 17)
MRI -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MTHFR -- Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (a gene that provides instructions for making an enzyme that processes amino acids. Those with this gene mutation have issues processing amino acids and often have elevated homocysteine levels)
mTOR -- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin, formerly Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (The mTOR pathway is a central regulator of mammalian metabolism and physiology, with important roles in the function of tissues including liver, muscle, white and brown adipose tissue, and the brain.)
MUFA -- monounsaturated fatty acid (plant-based fats)
N
N=1 -- (Where data is collected from one datapoint, i.e. one person's experience)
n-3 fatty acids -- Omega-3 fatty acids, or ω-3 fatty acids
NAC -- N-acetyl cysteine (supplement primarily used as a mucous thinner, but also replenishes intracellular levels of the natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH), helping to restore cells’ ability to fight damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS))
NAD -- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (coenzyme involved in reduction-oxidation reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another)
NCD -- Neurocognitive Disorders
ND -- Naturopathic Doctor
net carb -- shorthand for net carbohydrate (grams of total carbohydrates minus its grams of fiber. The body cannot digest fiber, therefore, it does not raise your blood sugar levels or trigger an insulin response. For low-carb dieters, fiber carbs don't count as carbs.)
NF-kappaB or NF-κB -- Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (a strong gene-altering and inflammation-triggering molecule)
NFTs -- Neurofibrillary Tangles
NGF -- Nerve Growth Factor
NIA -- National Institute on Aging
NIH -- National Institutes of Health
NMR -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (cholesterol blood test)
NR -- Nicotinamide Riboside
NSAID -- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (a drug class that groups together drugs that provide analgesic and antipyretic effects, and, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects.)
NT-proBNP -- N-Terminal pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide (a blood test primarily used to help detect, diagnose, and evaluate the severity of heart failure)
O
OA -- Osteoarthritis
OGT -- Oral Glucose Tolerance (Test)
OGTT -- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (Measures the body's ability to use glucose (blood sugar), the body's main source of energy. Test can be used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes.)
OMG -- Oh My God/Gosh
OSA -- obstructive sleep apnea.
OTC -- Over the Counter (non prescription drug)
OTOH -- On the Other Hand
oxLDL -- oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein
P
PA -- Physician Assistant
PCOS -- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PCP -- Primary Care Physician
PD -- Parkinson's Disease
PET -- Positron Emission Tomography (scan)
PLOS -- Public Library of Science (PLOS Medicine is a peer-reviewed weekly medical journal)
PM -- Private Message
PMID -- Pub Med Identifier (unique identifier number used in PubMed)
POV -- Point of View
PP -- Plant Paradox (2nd book written by Dr Gundry)
PP - Pulse Pressure
PPBG -- Postprandial Blood Glucose (the amount of a type of sugar, called glucose, in the blood after a meal)
PQQ -- Polyquinoline Quinone (supplement that stimulates growth in bacteria and displays antioxidant and neuroprotective effects)
PUFA -- polyunsaturated fatty acid. (fatty acids that contain more than one (poly) double bond in their backbone. Found in common oils - corn oil, canola oil, vegetable oil, soybean oil. Each double bond is a point of flexibility, thus PUFAs are more liquid at low temperature. Those double bonds are also points of of weakness/oxidation. When you have oxidation, you have oxygen free radical release and can be quite inflammatory.)
Q
Q&A -- Question and Answer
R
RA -- Rheumatoid Arthritis
RBC -- Red Blood Cell Count
RBC EPA + DHA -- Red Blood Cell Count of Eicosapentaenoic Acid + Docosahexaenoic Acid (the two primary components fish oil)
RCT -- Randomized Controlled Trials
redox -- shorthand for reduction-oxidation
ROS -- Reactive Oxygen Species (formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. However, during times of environmental stress (e.g., UV or heat exposure), ROS levels can increase dramatically. This may result in significant damage to cell structures. Cumulatively, this is known as oxidative stress.)
RS -- Resistant Starch
RT -- Resistance Training
Rx -- shorthand for prescription, prescribe
S
SAB -- Scientific Advisory Board
SAD -- Standard American Diet
SAMe -- S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (made in the body from a reaction between methionine, which is an essential amino acid, and adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that carries energy. Also a supplement for various conditions)
SCFA -- Short Chain Fatty Acids
SCI -- Subjective Cognitive Impairment (First phase in Alzheimer's progression where the individual is still scoring in the normal range but feels their thinking process isn’t what it used to be, probably lasts around 10 years)
sdLDL -- Small Density Low-Density Lipoprotein (the LDL which tends to oxidize)
SF -- Saturated Fat
SFA -- saturated fatty acid.
SHBG -- Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
SIBO -- Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
Sirt1 -- Sirtuin 1 (an enzyme that deacetylates proteins that contribute to cellular regulation)
SNP -- Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (The most common type of genetic variation among people. Each SNP represents a difference in a single DNA building block, called a nucleotide)
snpedia -- Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms - Pedia (a wiki investigating human genetics)
T
T1 -- Type 1 (diabetes)
T1DM -- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
T2 -- Type 2 (diabetes)
T2D -- Type 2 Diabetes (known as adult-onset or noninsulin-dependent diabetes)
T3 -- Triiodothyronine (hormone produced by the thyroid gland)
T4 -- Thyroxine (hormone produced by the thyroid gland)
tau -- not an abbreviation or acronym. The "tangles" that accumulate in Alzheimer's disease
TBD -- To Be Determined
TBI -- traumatic brain injury.
TC -- Total Cholesterol
TG -- Triglycerides
THC -- Tetrahydrocannabinol (the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis i.e. what makes a person high)
TL -- Total Lipids
TMG -- Trimethylglycine (a supplement, generally taken for healthy levels of homocysteine)
TMI -- Too Much Information
TNF -- Tumor Necrosis Factor (a pro-inflammatory cytokine)
TOR -- Target of Rapamycin
TSH -- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (blood test is used to check for thyroid gland problems)
TY -- Thank You
U
UCP -- Uncoupling Proteins
UFA -- Unsaturated Fatty Acid
V
VAP -- Vertical Auto Profile (Cholesterol test which augments the standard profile with additional measurements)
VCS -- Visual Contrast Sensitivity
VEGF -- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VIP -- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (nasal spray)
VLDL -- Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
VLF -- Very Low Fat
VOCs -- Volatile Organic Compounds
VSL#3 -- (a high potency probiotic, doesn't seem to be an acronym)
W
WHI -- Women's Health Initiative (long-term national health study focused on strategies for preventing heart disease, breast and colorectal cancer, and osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women)
WGA -- Wheat Germ Agglutinin (a lectin in wheat)
WHO -- World Health Organization
WRAP -- Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention
WRT -- With Regard To, With Reference To, With Respect To
X
XO -- shorthand for a kiss and a hug
Y
YMMV -- Your Mileage May Vary
Z
ZMA -- (a supplement - a combination of zinc monomethionine/asparate and magnesium aspartate plus vitamin B6)
OTHER
β cells -- Beta Cells ( type of cell found in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas. Primary function of beta cells is to store and release insulin)
β-amyloid -- Beta Amyloid (the plaque that accumulates in Alzheimer's)